Visit main University website

University of Sydney logo

Find MND Biomarker

University of Sydney logo

Find MND Biomarker

↑

Find MND Biomarker

Welcome to FindMNDBiomarker, an integrative database that consolidates the proteomic findings in brain tissue and biofluids (CSF and blood) from patients with motor neuron disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). FindMNDBiomarker is designed for users to quickly assess whether their proteins of interest have been identified in other cohorts and biosamples from patients with MND/ALS.

Purpose: The goal of this search platform is to facilitate the comparison and discovery of proteins that may serve as promising and reproducible biofluid biomarkers of brain-specific changes in MND/ALS and to identify markers that should be further targeted for analyses and validation.

Using this database: Searches can be performed by entering the protein UniProt IDs, names and sample types into the relevant search term box using free text entry. For example, entering ‘NEFL’ will generate a list of all publications in which NEFL was identified to be significantly dysregulated.

A searchable and filterable table is provided with the following columns:

  • Name: Gene name corresponding to the UniProt ID
  • UniProt ID: UniProt accession number
  • Publication: Study Reference
  • Condition: e.g.ALS – Control, ALS Fast – ALS Slow
  • Sample Type: Sample type used (Abbreviations: SMNs, single motor neurons; AH, anterior horn; PH, posterior horn)
  • Regulation: Direction of change (upregulated or downregulated)
  • Cohorts: Cohort size used for each study
  • Average age at onset ± standard deviation/age range: Average age at onset of ALS cohorts with standard deviation or age range (if provided by publication)
  • Average age at collection ± standard deviation/age range: Average age at collection of ALS cohorts with standard deviation or age range (if provided by publication)
  • Average PMI (range) (hours): Average postmortem interval with range (if provided by tissue studies)

To cite this database: Further details and application of this search tool are described in our manuscript “title” that can be located with this DOI:

The FindMNDBiomarker Program: Protein Changes in Motor Neuron Disease/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Postmortem Tissue and Biofluids 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.27300

Contact: For help contact [email protected]
Sort by:
Total Records Found: 4574, showing 100 per page
Biomarker NameUniProt IDPublicationDisease GroupComparator GroupSample TypeRegulationCohortsAverage age at onsetAverage age at collectionAverage PMI
TXN P10599 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
TXN P10599 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Down 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TWSG1 Q9GZX9 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
TWF2 Q6IBS0 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUFM P49411 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUFM P49411 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Down 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUBB6 Q9BUF5 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUBB3 Q13509 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7, 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TUBB3 Q13509 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
TUBB3 Q13509 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUBB3 Q13509 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Down 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
TUBB2B Q9BVA1 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Up 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUBB2A Q13885 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUBB P07437 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
TUBB P07437 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Up 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TUBB P07437 Zubiri et al. 2018 ALS fast (early stage) ALS slow (early stage) Plasma Up 6 ALS-fast, 6 ALS-slow 61.3 (48-67) (ALS-fast), 58.1 (35-71) (ALS-slow) N/A N/A
TUBA4A P68366 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TUBA4A P68366 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
TUBA1B P68363 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Down 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
TUBA1B P68363 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
TTYH1 Q9H313 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TTR P02766 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TTR P02766 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TTR P02766 Xu et al. 2018 ALS Control Plasma Down 42 ALS, 18 control N/A 61.8 ± 9.6 N/A
TTN Q8WZ42 Chia et al. 2025 ALS Control Plasma Up 231 ALS, 384 control (214 healthy control, 170 other neurological conditions) N/A 65.1 ± 10.8 N/A
TTLL11 Q6ZUZ3 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
TTC9C Q8N5M4 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
TTC5 Q8N0Z6 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Down 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
TTC1 Q99614 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
TTC1 Q99614 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TSTD1 R4GNF9 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Up 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TSKU Q8WUA8 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Up 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TSKU Q8WUA8 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TSKU Q8WUA8 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7, 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TSC22D1 Q15714 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
TRYP P00761 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Down 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TRYP P00761 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Down 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A
TRY1 P07477 Vilardo et al. 2024 ALS (discovery cohort) Control (discovery cohort) Plasma EVs Down 61 ALS, 30 control N/A 62.88 ± 12.60 N/A
TRIM43B A6NCK2 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
TRIM2 Q9C040 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TRHDE Q9UKU6 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TRHDE Q9UKU6 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TREM2 Q9NZC2 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
TREM2 Q9NZC2 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control CSF Up 26 ALS, 16 control N/A N/A N/A
TRAP1 Q12931 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Down 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
TPT1 J3KPG2 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Up 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TPST1 O60507 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
TPST1 O60507 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TPR P12270 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Up 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
TPPP3 Q9BW30 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7, 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TPPP3 Q9BW30 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TPPP3 Q9BW30 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TPPP3 Q9BW30 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TPPP O94811 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TPP1 O14773 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TPM4 P67936 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TPM4 P67936 Zubiri et al. 2018 Late ALS (ALS fast cohort) Early ALS (ALS fast cohort) Plasma Down 6 ALS-fast, 6 ALS-slow 61.3 (48-67) (ALS-fast), 58.1 (35-71) (ALS-slow) N/A N/A
TPM4 P67936 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Up 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A
TPM4 P67936 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TPM3 P06753 Chia et al. 2025 ALS Control Plasma Up 231 ALS, 384 control (214 healthy control, 170 other neurological conditions) N/A 65.1 ± 10.8 N/A
TPM3 P06753 Chia et al. 2025 ALS Healthy control CSF Up 14 ALS, 89 healthy control N/A 62.4 ± 7.8 N/A
TPM3 P06753 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Up 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
TPM1 P09493 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TPM1 Q6ZN40 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TPI1 P60174 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
TPI1 P60174 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TPI1 P60174 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
TPD52L2 O43399 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7, 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TPD52L2 O43399 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TPD52L2 O43399 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TPD52L2 O43399 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
TPD52 P55327 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TPD52 P55327 Englen-Lee et al. 2017 ALS Control Spinal cord (PH & AH) Up 10 ALS, 10 control 57.6 ± 10.9 62.6 ± 10.6 N/A
TPD52 P55327 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
TP63 Q9H3D4 Chen et al. 2016 ALS Control CSF Down 35 ALS, 10 control N/A 52.7 ±12.13 N/A
TOPBP1 Q92547 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
TOLLIP Q9H0E2 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TOLLIP Q9H0E2 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
TNXB P22105 Zhou et al. 2023 SO-ALS Control CSF Down 4 BO-ALS, 5 SO-ALS, 5 control 63.25 ± 8.02 (BO-ALS), 51.2 ± 6.26 (SO-ALS) 64.25 ± 8.02 (BO-ALS), 52 ± 6.44 (SO-ALS) N/A
TNS1 Q9HBL0 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
TNR Q92752 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Down 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
TNR Q92752 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TNR Q92752 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TNR Q92752 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
TNNT2 P45379 Berrone et al. 2023 ALS Control Plasma Up 16 ALS, 8 control 62 ± 13 (sALS & fALS) 64 ± 11 (sALS & fALS) N/A
TNNT2 P45379 Berrone et al. 2023 sALS Control Plasma Up 8 sALS, 8 control 62 ± 13 (sALS & fALS) 64 ± 11 (sALS & fALS) N/A
TNNI3 P19429 Chia et al. 2025 ALS Control Plasma Up 231 ALS, 384 control (214 healthy control, 170 other neurological conditions) N/A 65.1 ± 10.8 N/A
TNFSF9 P41273 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
TNFRSF21 O75509 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Down 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TNFRSF1A P19438 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
TNFRSF1A P19438 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TNFRSF1A P19438 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TNFRSF12A Q9NP84 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TNFRSF12A Q9NP84 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Up 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TNFRSF12A Q9NP84 Zhou et al. 2023 BO-ALS Control CSF Up 4 BO-ALS, 5 SO-ALS, 5 control 63.25 ± 8.02 (BO-ALS), 51.2 ± 6.26 (SO-ALS) 64.25 ± 8.02 (BO-ALS), 52 ± 6.44 (SO-ALS) N/A
TNFRSF12A Q9NP84 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Up 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A
TNC P24821 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7, 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
TNC P24821 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
TNC P24821 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
TMX4 Q9H1E5 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Down 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A