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Find MND Biomarker

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Find MND Biomarker

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Find MND Biomarker

Welcome to FindMNDBiomarker, an integrative database that consolidates the proteomic findings in brain tissue and biofluids (CSF and blood) from patients with motor neuron disease (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). FindMNDBiomarker is designed for users to quickly assess whether their proteins of interest have been identified in other cohorts and biosamples from patients with MND/ALS.

Purpose: The goal of this search platform is to facilitate the comparison and discovery of proteins that may serve as promising and reproducible biofluid biomarkers of brain-specific changes in MND/ALS and to identify markers that should be further targeted for analyses and validation.

Using this database: Searches can be performed by entering the protein UniProt IDs, names and sample types into the relevant search term box using free text entry. For example, entering ‘NEFL’ will generate a list of all publications in which NEFL was identified to be significantly dysregulated.

A searchable and filterable table is provided with the following columns:

  • Name: Gene name corresponding to the UniProt ID
  • UniProt ID: UniProt accession number
  • Publication: Study Reference
  • Condition: e.g.ALS – Control, ALS Fast – ALS Slow
  • Sample Type: Sample type used (Abbreviations: SMNs, single motor neurons; AH, anterior horn; PH, posterior horn)
  • Regulation: Direction of change (upregulated or downregulated)
  • Cohorts: Cohort size used for each study
  • Average age at onset ± standard deviation/age range: Average age at onset of ALS cohorts with standard deviation or age range (if provided by publication)
  • Average age at collection ± standard deviation/age range: Average age at collection of ALS cohorts with standard deviation or age range (if provided by publication)
  • Average PMI (range) (hours): Average postmortem interval with range (if provided by tissue studies)

To cite this database: Further details and application of this search tool are described in our manuscript “title” that can be located with this DOI:

The FindMNDBiomarker Program: Protein Changes in Motor Neuron Disease/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Postmortem Tissue and Biofluids 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.27300

Contact: For help contact [email protected]
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Total Records Found: 4574, showing 100 per page
Biomarker NameUniProt IDPublicationDisease GroupComparator GroupSample TypeRegulationCohortsAverage age at onsetAverage age at collectionAverage PMI
DSCAML1 Q8TD84 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DSC3 Q14574 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DSC2 Q02487 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DSC2 Q02487 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Down 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
DSC1 Q08554 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DRAXIN Q8NBI3 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DRAXIN Q8NBI3 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Up 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
DRAXIN Q8NBI3 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DPYSL5 Q9BPU6 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Down 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
DPYSL5 Q9BPU6 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DPYSL4 O14531 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
DPYSL3 Q14195 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DPYSL3 Q14195 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DPYSL2 Q16555 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Up 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DPYSL2 Q16555 Zubiri et al. 2018 Late ALS (ALS fast cohort) Early ALS (ALS fast cohort) Plasma Up 6 ALS-fast, 6 ALS-slow 61.3 (48-67) (ALS-fast), 58.1 (35-71) (ALS-slow) N/A N/A
DPY30 Q9C005 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Up 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
DPP6 P42658 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DPP6 P42658 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DPP3 Q9NY33 Englen-Lee et al. 2017 ALS Control Spinal cord (PH & AH) Up 10 ALS, 10 control 57.6 ± 10.9 62.6 ± 10.6 N/A
DPP3 Q9NY33 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Down 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
DPP10 Q8N608 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DPM3 Q9P2X0 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Up 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
DPEP2 Q9H4A9 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DPEP2 Q9H4A9 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DPEP2 Q9H4A9 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DOCK2 Q92608 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Up 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DNM3 Q9UQ16 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DNM2 P50570 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Down 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
DNM2 P50570 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DNM1L O00429 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DNM1 Q05193 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DNER Q8NFT8 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DNER Q8NFT8 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Down 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
DNASE1L1 P49184 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DNASE1 P24855 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Down 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
DNASE1 P24855 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7, 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
DNAJC5 Q9H3Z4 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Down 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
DNAJC3 Q13217 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DNAJC3 Q13217 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Up 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A
DNAJC3 Q13217 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Asymptomatic Control CSF Up 6 C9-ALS Asymptomatic, 44 control N/A 51.5 ± 18.5 N/A
DNAJC10 Q8IXB1 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DNAJB2 P25686 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DNAJB1 P25685 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DNAJB1 P25685 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
DNAJA3 Q96EY1 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DNAJA2 O60884 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DNAJA2 O60884 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DNAH7 Q8WXX0 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
DLST P36957 Zubiri et al. 2018 ALS fast (early stage) ALS slow (early stage) Plasma Up 6 ALS-fast, 6 ALS-slow 61.3 (48-67) (ALS-fast), 58.1 (35-71) (ALS-slow) N/A N/A
DLST P36957 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DLGAP1 O14490 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Up 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
DLG5 Q8TDM6 Collins et al. 2015 ALS Control CSF Down 90 ALS, 80 control N/A N/A N/A
DLG1 Q12959 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DLG1 Q12959 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
DLG1 Q12959 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Up 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A
DLG1 Q12959 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DLD P09622 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DLD P09622 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DLD P09622 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DLD P09622 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Up 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A
DLD P09622 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DLD P09622 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DLAT P10515 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DLAT P10515 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DLAT P10515 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Up 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DKK4 Q9UBT3 Berrone et al. 2023 ALS Control Plasma Up 16 ALS, 8 control 62 ± 13 (sALS & fALS) 64 ± 11 (sALS & fALS) N/A
DKK4 Q9UBT3 Berrone et al. 2023 sALS Control Plasma Up 8 sALS, 8 control 62 ± 13 (sALS & fALS) 64 ± 11 (sALS & fALS) N/A
DKK3 Q9UBP4 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DKK1 O94907 Berrone et al. 2023 ALS Control Plasma Up 16 ALS, 8 control 62 ± 13 (sALS & fALS) 64 ± 11 (sALS & fALS) N/A
DKK1 O94907 Berrone et al. 2023 sALS Control Plasma Up 8 sALS, 8 control 62 ± 13 (sALS & fALS) 64 ± 11 (sALS & fALS) N/A
DKFZp566H1924 Q9UFM8 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DKC1 O60832 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Up 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
DISP3 Q9P2K9 Trautwig et al. 2025 Sporadic ALS Control CSF Down 35 sALS, 44 control 53.9 ± 11.5 56.7 ± 10.9 N/A
DIRAS2 Q96HU8 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Down 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
DIRAS1 O95057 Seyfried et al. 2018 ALS Control Prefrontal cortex Up 8 ALS, 8 control 60 63.5 9.1
DIPK1C Q0P6D2 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DIPK1C Q0P6D2 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Down 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DIP2B Q9P265 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DHX9 Q08211 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Up 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DHX9 Q08211 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Down 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DHX30 H7BXY3 Vassileff et al. 2020 ALS Control Motor Cortex EVs Up 7 ALS, 3 control N/A N/A N/A
DHX15 O43143 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Down 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DHH O43323 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Control CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 44 control 56.4 ± 8.9 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DHH O43323 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DESP P15924 Vilardo et al. 2024 ALS (discovery cohort) Control (discovery cohort) Plasma EVs Down 61 ALS, 30 control N/A 62.88 ± 12.60 N/A
DEFA3 P59666 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DEFA1 P59665 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DECR1 E5RFV2 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DDX6 P26196 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Down 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DDX3X O00571 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DDX19A F6QDS0 Iridoy et al. 2018 ALS Control Spinal cord (AH) Up 9 ALS, 8 control 57.6 62.8 N/A
DDX17 Q92841 Zubiri et al. 2018 Late ALS (ALS fast cohort) Early ALS (ALS fast cohort) Plasma Down 6 ALS-fast, 6 ALS-slow 61.3 (48-67) (ALS-fast), 58.1 (35-71) (ALS-slow) N/A N/A
DDX17 Q92841 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DDRGK1 Q96HY6 Trautwig et al. 2025 C9orf72 ALS Sporadic ALS CSF Up 10 C9-ALS, 35 sALS 53.9 ± 11.5, 56.4 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 10.9, 57.2 ± 8.7 N/A
DDOST P39656 Guise et al. 2024 ALS Control Spinal cord (SMNs) Down 3 ALS, 3 control N/A 69.3 9.2
DDHD1 Q8NEL9 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Down 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)
DDB1 F5GY55 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS PBMCs Down 12 BO-ALS, 12 LO-ALS (39-76) (BO-ALS), (33-81) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DDB1 F5GY55 Leoni et al. 2019 BO-ALS LO-ALS Plasma Down 14 BO-ALS, 16 LO-ALS (45-85) (BO-ALS), (40-76) (LO-ALS) N/A N/A
DDAH1 O94760 Barschke et al. 2020 C9-ALS C9-Control CSF Up 16 C9-ALS, 11 asymptomatic C9-controls N/A 60 (51-67) N/A
DDAH1 O94760 Oeckl et al. 2020 ALS Control Spinal cord Up 8 ALS, 7 control N/A 59 (52-61) 36 (24-90)